Analysis of Growth and Changes in the Economic Structure of the Special Region of Yogyakarta before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Approaches 54 Business categories and sub-categories

The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic that has occurred since mid-March 2020 has brought major changes to all aspects of the lives of the people of Yogyakarta. Thousands of Yogyakarta residents contracted this virus and hundreds of them died. Policies for limiting social mobility to anticipate the spread of the virus in various forms also have an impact on changing social and economic conditions. The DIY economy in aggregate contracted by 2.69 percent by the end of 2020 and it is uncertain how long it will end.The supply-side contraction in the economy was driven by the deteriorating performance of most business categories, particularly those based on mobility and tourism. Meanwhile, contraction on the demand side was driven by declines in most components of final demand, particularly household consumption expenditures. The deteriorating macroeconomic conditions were also accompanied by an increase in the open unemployment rate and the poverty rate. Based on these conditions, the preparation of this analysis aims to provide an overview of the economic conditions of Yogyakarta before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic and to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on changes and shifts in the economic structure.DIY. In addition, this analysis also seeks to identify and map the categories and sub-categories of businesses that were superior in DIY before and during the pandemic and to analyze the changes. The analytical method used is the classic Shift-Share analysis coupled with the Esteben-Marquillas modification using the 54 business category and sub-category approach in the DIY economy. The data used is DIY GRDP based on constant prices in 2010, 2019 and 2020 as the analysis area using the central economic reference for the same period. The discussion in the analysis resulted in several findings. (1) The Covid-19 pandemic and all policies to overcome it have an impact on the decline in the performance of the DIY economy. Most business categories, especially those based on mobility and tourism, experienced deep contraction. (2) The structure of the DIY economy before and during the Covid-19 pandemic also experienced slight changes. The processing and agricultural industry categories are still quite dominant in the economy and their share has increased slightly during the pandemic period. Meanwhile, the construction category and the provision of food and beverage accommodation have significantly decreased during the pandemic. (3) The growth profile of the DIY region before and during the pandemic period did not change and remained in quadrant II. This means that the DIY economy is able to grow fast, but has problems with low national competitiveness. (4) The growth profile according to business fields in DIY before and during the pandemic period experienced significant changes and shifts. The categories and sub-categories of businesses that were superior because they were able to grow fast and were competitive before the pandemic period consisted of construction (F); the provision of accommodation and food and drink (I), financial services and insurance (K), real estate (L); electricity (D1); air transport (H5); provision of accommodation (I1); provision of food and drink (I2); and financial intermediary services (K1). During the pandemic, the superior category in DIY changed to agriculture (A); information and communication (J); education services (P); and health services (Q). The leading sub-categories consist of food crop agriculture (A1a); horticultural agriculture (A1b); plantation (A1c); animal husbandry (A1d); fisheries (A3); chemical and pharmaceutical industry (C7); and other financial services (K3).